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Form 5 · Sains Komputer · iSchool.my
Chapter 1: Computing
Computer and impact
–
Economic and social
impact
Digital divide
Automation and
employment
Ethics, privacy and
intellectual property
Cyber law and security
–
Unauthorised access
and malware
Phishing and social
engineering
Authentication and
encryption
Backup and incident
response
Computer architecture
–
CPU: control unit, ALU
and registers
Memory: RAM, ROM,
cache and secondary storage
Input, output and buses
Von Neumann
stored-program concept
Fetch-decode-execute
cycle
–
Step 1: Program
counter holds next address
Step 2: Instruction
fetched to instruction register
Step 3: Control unit
decodes instruction
Step 4: ALU/CPU
executes operation
Step 5: Result stored
and PC updated
Binary and hexadecimal
example
–
Convert 45₁₀ to binary
–
45 = 32 + 8 + 4 + 1
Bits for 32,16,8,4,2,1 = 1 0
1 1 0 1
Answer: 101101₂
Convert 10111100₂ to
hexadecimal
–
Group: 1011 1100
1011 = B; 1100 = C
Answer: BC₁₆
Logic gates
–
NOT: output opposite
input
AND: 1 only if both 1
OR: 1 if at least one 1
NAND, NOR, XOR and
XNOR
Boolean worked
example
–
Expression: Y = (A AND
B) OR NOT C
Given A=1, B=0, C=0
A AND B = 0
NOT C = 1
Y = 0 OR 1 = 1